Marketplace Research Articles

Corporate learning in a disruptive digital era: a new global organizational paradigma (A case-study of IBM’s Your Learning Platform)

In a digital world when the technologies as well as the market places are evolving at an alarming pace, facilitating the employees to acquire newer knowledge and helping them advance their learning is most challenging than ever before. Staying agile and to become and remain ahead of competition in this swiftly changing business landscape is a daunting task indeed for companies. Corporate universities and Classrooms in B-schools have totally been overshadowed and got undermined by newer versions of learning and we are witnessing that the buffet of teaching employees is expanding and changing more than ever before. In addition to tracking down a plethora of in-person opportunities in the form of mentorships and training, employees are able to use their computers and smart phones to sift through facilely rich content online at any time and place. It may be in the form of online social media networks, published papers, as well as videos and courses. Nowadays, mobile and cloud technologies, and social networks are taken for granted by the tech-savvy modern employees. And not surprisingly, the millennials believe that technology makes them more effective and productive and hence always prefer to communicate through the electronic mode at workplace than face to face or for that matter even the telephone. They are found to be using technology only routinely. This Paper addresses the important challenge of shifting learning to the 21st Century platform economy faced by corporates and discusses how IBM has successfully tackled the same through its Your Learning Platform.

ADVANCING POS SYSTEMS FOR SEAMLESS RETAIL EXPERIENCES

This research paper explores the significance of advancing point of sale (POS) technologies in modern commerce, with a focus on their role in improving business operations and enhancing customer experiences. POS systems serve as critical tools for businesses across various industries, facilitating transactions, managing sales processes, and providing valuable insights into business performance. The paper delves into the evolution of POS systems, from traditional cash registers to sophisticated digital solutions, and examines the current state of POS technology, including hardware and software components. Moreover, it discusses recent trends and advancements in POS innovation, such as the integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT), and their implications for businesses. Through empirical research, case studies, and expert analysis, the paper aims to provide insights into the benefits and challenges of adopting advanced POS technologies, as well as recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage these technologies to drive growth and improve operational efficiency in today's dynamic market place. Keywords- Point of Sale (POS) Systems, Advancing Technologies, Retail, Business Operations, Customer Experience, Emerging Technologies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Payment Processing, Inventory Management, Cloud-based POS, Customer Engagement, Digital Commerce, Innovation, Competitive Advantage.

Analysing the Composition of Commercial Turmeric Powder: Assessing Contaminants and Its Impacts Curcumin and Water-soluble Vitamins Levels

Aims: Turmeric, with its active component curcumin, has garnered global attention for its medicinal benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to analyse turmeric powder obtained from the Greater Accra Metropolis for nutrients and contaminants. Study Design: Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: Entrance Pharmaceuticals, Accra for 6 months. Methodology: 22 samples from 10 different processing sites and open markets were tested using physical and chemical methods. HPLC identified curcumin, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and pyridoxine levels. An independent t-test was done to compare concentrations of these nutrients in the powdered turmeric samples from the two sources. Results: Assessment showed no yellow lead salts but 9.1% were adulterated with chalk, and 91% contained metanil yellow. Curcumin (2014.95 vs. 567.79), riboflavin (21.60 vs. 1.75), thiamine (14.75 vs. 0.65 mg/mL), pyridoxine (9.35 vs. 0.65 mg/mL), and ascorbic acid (0.00 vs. 101.60 mg/mL) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in processed samples than open market ones. Samples without adulterants had higher curcumin and micronutrient levels. Conclusion: Strengthening monitoring programs is crucial to tackling food adulteration concerns.

Macroeconomic Factors and Stock Price Volatility at Nairobi Securities Exchange

The stock price volatility has been a problem in stock markets affecting the stock returns of firms listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Although some scholars have focused on the issue of high share price volatility, the issue persists and still hinders the development of the market. This study main objective is to determine the effects of macroeconomic factors on volatility of stock prices of stock market in Kenya. The specific objectives are; to establish the effects of inflation on stock prices of stock market in Kenya; to establish the effects of interest rates on volatility of stock prices of stock market in Kenya; and to establish the effects of exchange rates on stock prices of stock market in Kenya. The research was anchored on four theories and two models namely the Arbitrage pricing theory, Modern portfolio theory, information cascade theory, Fisher’s theory, Efficient market hypothesis and present value model. The research applied a causal research design, which followed the positivism philosophy of research and knowledge creation. The study focused on analyzing the effects of macroeconomic factors on volatility of stock prices of the NSE 20 share index in Nairobi Securities Exchange over a period ranging from 2009 to 2021. The design allowed collection of monthly data on the study variables and time series analysis of the hypothesized relationships between independent and dependent variables and conducted both descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis involved generation of central tendency statistics such as mean, minimum and maximum points of the data as well as standard deviations to show the spread of the data from the mean. The inferential statistical analysis utilized in this study was Error Correction Model, guided by the results of cointegration tests. From the descriptive statistical analysis, the study found that between 2009 and 2021, interest rates demonstrated an average of approximately 9.155, inflation averaged around 150.916, foreign exchange rate maintained an average of roughly 94.219, and stock price volatility averaged 0.4%. The Error Correction Model revealed that, interest rates have no significant effect on stock price volatility of NSE 20 share index (β = -0.00034, p.value = 0.805). Similarly, inflation has no significant effect on stock price volatility of NSE 20 share index (β = -0.0000394, p.value = 0.218). However, foreign exchange has negative and significant effect on stock price volatility in Kenya (β = -0.0139, p.value = 0.017). The study concluded that interest rates and inflation have no significant effect on stock price volatility in Kenyan stock market, while foreign exchange has inverse and significant effect on stock price volatility. Thus, the study recommends that market participants, including government, investors, traders, policy makers and financial institutions, should incorporate foreign exchange rate movements into their risk management strategies. Adequate measures and policies such as market circuit breakers and enhanced risk management protocols should be in place to ensure smooth market operations and prevent any disruptions due to changing foreign exchange dynamics

Creative Movement and Anti-Gentrification: Learning from Los Tjihapit Market's Coffee in Bandung

The phenomenon of gentrification, driven by the presence of the creative class, is a consequence of the global implementation of the Creative City concept. Bandung has adopted this concept, and one of the areas developed by the creative class is the Cihapit Market area. This article examines how the "creative" community, specifically Kopi Pasar Los Tjihapit, sustains its business amidst gentrification through a placekeeping strategy. Participatory qualitative descriptive research methods were employed to explore the role of architectural space as part of the placekeeping strategy. Five strategies were identified: 1) zoning to support maintenance, 2) collaboration spaces for various partnerships, 3) space flexibility through collective decision-making, 4) collaborative spaces to encourage community involvement, and 5) coordination of all aspects to preserve the public market character. In conclusion, the success of creative placekeeping strategies in architectural spaces combines non-technical aspects such as community enthusiasm with technical aspects such as the arrangement of physical architectural elements.

Enabling Multiple Outcomes: Strategic Spatial Planning in a Shrinking City-Region

The population of Finland will start to decline in the near future, and most Finnish municipalities are already losing population. Can the tools used for land-use planning, which are historically designed to guide and control growth, be used to guide shrinking? The shrinking city-region of Kotka-Hamina has drafted a city-regional strategic master plan to manage the shrinking. The master plan and its documents are analyzed, and interviews are used to better understand how the plan is trying to achieve its objectives. The master plan is currently growth-oriented and used as a tool for place marketing. According to the interviews, growth is not essential to implement the plan. As a tool, it strives to show the potential of the city-region. The master plan guides future land use to denser areas and enables industry. Learning from this case study, strategic land-use planning can be seen as a feasible tool to manage shrinking, and the master plan hints at how that might be done, although it does need improvement. Since land-use planning has country-specific characteristics, the research findings may not be directly transferable to other planning systems. However, the findings may offer ideas on how planning tools can be adapted to similarly challenging conditions. The possibility of what strategic spatial planning has to offer in a shrinking context should be researched more to enable the development of planning tools that would be more usable in shrinking conditions.

THE NEW TRENDS OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND ITS ROLE IN CHANGING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND MARKET EXPANSION

Marketing trends are shifting regularly, especially with the rising number of competitors, buying capacity, regular innovation, increasing platforms and growing needs of the consumers. The online platform has built a strong foundation in India since the accessibility to internet graphed up till date. India is the second largest country after China to have the largest number of internet users till date and the access has expanded ever after the introduction of 4G network concept in India. Such a wide customer base provides robust place for an online market to set up the entire business operations and professionally provide services of handling the online market for several companies who seek to market their offerings online. The research on the topic was necessary to outline the recent trends that are affecting the market behavior on part of consumers and is also leading to the market expansion. The research will also help to identify the base reasons of the traffic of the internet and its conversion from a visitor to a consumer. Digital marketing has changed the face of traditional marketing involving bigger scale of competition in offering the marketing services to the business companies by giving tough competition in terms of design, promotion, providing reliable cardinals of change in market, building strong PR and rapport and creating hard hitting promotional strategies. The early access to internet was meant for military and government specific activities, but in the modern world the general activities only occupy a majority area of a pie chart which depict the usability index of daily internet usage of any random person.

Abstract PO4-10-06: Cost-effectiveness analysis of ribociclib in the treatment for premenopausal or perimenopausal women with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer: a public health care system perspective in Mexico

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ribociclib (RIB) an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 for the treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC), has demonstrated significant efficacy in prolonging progression-free survival and overall survival when added to endocrine therapy (ET). Because of the high-cost perception of this therapeutic class, it is crucial to assess their relative value compared to existing standards of care in the local setting. Chemotherapy is used as the first line of treatment in a conservative case in almost three-quarters of ABC patients with positive hormone receptors in the Public Health System in Mexico. Additionally, the high use of chemotherapy presents additional clinical and economic challenges for the Institute. Among the clinical challenges, the toxicity associated with chemotherapy regimens stands out. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the inclusion of RIB+ ET to usual care in the treatment of premenopausal or perimenopausal ABC from the perspective of the Public Health System in Mexico. Direct medical costs were considered. METHODS: We developed a partitioned survival model to simulate time to cancer progression and to compare lifetime clinical benefit and cost of standard alternative treatment strategies for patients with metastatic disease. Per approved indication, endocrine treatment-naive patients were assigned to RI plus ET or usual care (different chemotherapy schemes). Costs in Mexican Pesos (MXN) were estimated from the perspective of the Public Health System in Mexico. Costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 5% annually. The model assumptions were informed based on published clinical trial data from the randomized Phase III MONALEESA-7 trial and other peer-reviewed studies and indirect treatment comparisons. We carried out one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results to the changes in model assumptions. RESULTS: Ribociclib reduced monthly direct medical costs associated with the administration of breast cancer treatment and the management of adverse events. Direct drug acquisition costs per month of ribociclib were in the range of the cost of current available and used therapies. Indirect treatment comparisons did not show statistical significance of the benefit of ribociclib vs. standard of care, primarily due to heterogeneity leading to a mixed evaluation vs. two comparator groups according to the statistical significance of the survival improvement. Ribociclib is a 100% oral therapy with a manageable safety profile with dosage adjustments, so it does not require institutional resources for its administration or for managing adverse events. Its consolidated cost at 28 days of treatment is up to 40% less than combined chemotherapy regimens and up to 30% less than monotherapy schemes. Average cost-effectiveness for progression-free survival for ribociclib is among the lowest considering chemotherapy options even though generic versions are available for many of them. For the comparators with comparable efficacy, ribociclib was cost-saving at current public market prices. For the comparators where ribociclib showed a significant benefit, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ribociclib vs. standard of care is also below the threshold of 3 GDPs per capita vs. most options, leading to cost-effectiveness. A longer treatment duration due to progression delay was a main driver of incremental cost. CONCLUSIONS: Ribociclib is cost-saving or cost-effective vs. standard of care in the Public Health System in Mexico. Other variables must be considered to inform clinical and funding decisions, such as disease burden and humanistic impact on this young, economically active population. Citation Format: Saúl Campos-Gomez, Christian Pichardo Piña. Cost-effectiveness analysis of ribociclib in the treatment for premenopausal or perimenopausal women with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer: a public health care system perspective in Mexico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-10-06.

Socially Optimal Search Intensity in Over-the-Counter Markets

This paper investigates the endogenous search intensity of traders in the OTC market, examining both competitive equilibrium and socially optimal scenario. Our study introduces a random search-and-matching model, where traders have the flexibility to ex post choose and adjust their search intensities based on two trader-level states: asset position and preference type. Our findings uncover the following key insights: (1) Changes in the level of search friction and/or the frequency of shocks on traders' preference type may lead to traders switching between high and low search intensities, shifting between the core and periphery of the trading network; and (2) Social optimality is achieved in the absence of intermediation, where no trader simultaneously invests in positive buying intensity and positive selling intensity. In contrast, competitive equilibrium reveals that some traders tend to over-search while others under-search, compared to the socially optimal outcome.

The Influence of Product Quality, Prices, and Promotions on Customer Satisfaction Through Purchasing Decisions as Intervening Variables for Women's Clothing Customers in The Shopee Market Place, Surabaya City

The Modernization Era has made activities move to the digital realm. Shopee is the main marketplace in Indonesia, with the most site visits throughout 2022, around 200 million visitors. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The data collection technique is a questionnaire. Data was collected via questionnaire, data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Square (PLS). The research results show that product quality, price, and promotion have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product prices and promotions have a significant effect on customer satisfaction in the Surabaya City Shopee marketplace. Product quality, price, and product promotion do not affect customer satisfaction through purchasing decisions. Purchasing decisions do not affect customer satisfaction.

Impact of financial planning on market traders

This study analyzes the relationship between financial planning and the indebtedness of textile merchants in popular markets in Ecuador. A quantitative approach is used with correlational design and nonprobabilistic convenience sampling with 40 merchants. The results revealed a strong positive correlation (r=0.885, p<0.05) between financial planning and merchants' indebtedness. These findings suggest that adequate financial planning is significantly associated with the indebtedness levels of textile traders in that market. In addition, it was observed that training must be continuous and adaptive to contribute effectively and efficiently to the financial improvements of these traders.

Fish markets facilitate nutrition security in coastal Kenya: Empirical evidence for policy leveraging

Fish markets are key to supporting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food but are often overlooked in food and nutrition research and policy. This study investigated fish markets in coastal Kenya, using data from 223 semi-structured interviews collected through market surveys, and analyzed their potential to meet recommendations for consumption and alleviate malnutrition in a vulnerable coastal population (children under five years). Findings reveal that women small-scale traders dealt in lower quantities of fish per trader than the other traders, yet sold more nutritious fish. Fish shop traders sold enough fish to meet 129% of the recommended intake of fish (10.4 kg cap−1 yr−1) for all people within the assessed towns, whereas women small-scale traders sold enough to meet 84% of the intake. All market traders were key to making nutrient-dense fish available, with a 100 g portion of fish providing at least 25% of required intakes, across five nutrients, and women small-scale traders providing over 25% of required intakes across six nutrients for a child under five years. The average cost of a nutritious portion of fish was KES 31 (USD 0.22), ranging from KES 12 (USD 0.08) to 49 (USD (0.34), which provide 33.3% of the required nutrients (averaged across six nutrients), with nutrient-dense fish being notably cheaper. This study contributes empirical evidence on how territorial fish markets support nutrition, which is important for food policy interventions that promote nutritional literacy, address nutrient gaps, and improve postharvest practices and infrastructure for fish quality and safety in Kenya.

SKILL MANAGEMENT IMPACT IN INDIAN MSMES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS IN THE CONTEXT OF CSR PRACTICES

Upskilling is a prevailing trend in the workplace that provides employees with updated and advanced training programs and opportunities to enhance their skills and bridge skill gaps. Sustainable consumption and production patterns and green CSR practices are pervasive in Indian MSMEs to become a greener economy. The consumer demand for sustainable products is visible across the globe, creating opportunities for Indian MSMEs in the international marketplace. In light of this fact, the present research article aims to analyze the current gap in past studies concerning MSMEs by investigating the correlation between sustainability practices, specifically with respect to sustainable consumption and production patterns, green CSR initiatives, and the performance of MSMEs. This study aims to examine various viewpoints on MSMEs' sustainable business practices, which are a) how sustainable consumption impacts the efficiency of MSMEs, b) the influence of sustainable production patterns on MSMEs' performance, and c) the impact on the efficiency of MSMEs' operations as a result of CSR activities.A self-structured questionnaire has been sent to the MSMEs' owners, managers, directors, and administrative officers through email to conduct the research work. In addition, a structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to sample 130 Indian MSMEs. The study's main findings are that the sustainable consumption and production patterns of skill-based CSR practices impact the efficiency of MSMEs in India. It has also been discovered that their sustainable practices are generating global market opportunities. This study has important implications for MSME owners and policymakers because applying sustainable consumption and production patterns and implementing skill-based CSR practices as sustainable strategies will create a greener economy and positively impact the performance of MSMEs.

Online Auction System in E-commerce Products using Deep Learning and Data Mining

Abstract: Aims: In today’s world everything is going online which effects market that are offline. Auction of any rare products are bid offline, but it’s time to push this auction system online so that more buyer’s will connect online and more bid options will available for them. Online auctions are the most influential e-commerce business applications. Although there have been considerable efforts in setting up market places, online trading still lays in its early stages. Online auction system is the best way to bid such a products who are rare and can’t find easily anywhere. This is mostly work for archaeological old products that are rare. Methods: The most impressing concept of online auction system is you don’t need to anywhere offline. It’s the system where you can bid online without investing your time and bid for particular products. Results: Using this system buyers, sellers come online and connect on web-portal using this system. Conclusion: In this system using this web- portal registered user can propose or bid for new auctions, purchase and place bid product in order to buy that item.

The Impact of the Implementation of the Government's Digital Direct Expenditure Program to Improve MSME Performance

This study aims to analyze and assess the impact of the procurement defense program on the performance of MSMEs in Gorontalo Province. The locus of research on MSME business actors who are members of the procurement defense program, especially through market place applications, both MbizMarketpalce and brliUMKM market place totaling 85 MSMEs with a sample of 10 MSMEs. The performance assessment method for MSMEs is used by Balance Scorecard analysis to analyze the financial and non-financial impacts of MSME businesses. The results showed that the Gorontalo Provincial government's procurement defense program had a relatively good impact on financial and non-financial performance. On average, there is an increase in operating profits, number of workers, production volume and marketing area. The procurement defense program is very helpful for MSME business actors in increasing public reputation and trust in their products and services so that business productivity and performance increase.

Cuaderno (etno)gráfico

The purpose of this essay is to present and reflect on the creation of an «(ethno)graphic notebook» based on a master's research on the uses and meanings attributed to instruments with wheels (handcarts, loading carts, refrigerator carts, warehouse carts, supermarket carts, etc.), in and around a public market (Velame, 2023) in João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. Between 2021 and 2023, drawings, photo collages and paintings were produced, forming a visual ethnography of the «carrinhos» present in the lives of various social actors. This essay reflects on the creative, imaginative and data organization processes in the construction of this drawn (ethno)graphy, exploring a visual perspective on the wheelbarrows and their narratives. The work is enriched by methodological techniques, standing out for the «critical and dense description» (Tsing, 2019; Geertz, 2015), adopting an ethnographic approach focused on the «art of seeing, art of being, art of writing» (Winkin, 1998).

Effects of Pulverized Madre De Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves as Saba Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) ripening agents

In the Philippines, demand for fruits led to use of artificial ripening techniques like calcium carbide. These techniques contribute to meeting the rising demand for fruits but the fruits that benefit human health turned to unhealthy since the techniques affect the fruit's essential nutrients. This study provides an alternative organic ripening agent to saba banana for its healthy way of cultivation. It aims to determine the effects of pulverized Madre De Cacao and Jackfruit leaves on the duration of ripening, color, odor, palatability, and texture of saba banana and to determine the significant difference between pulverized Madre De Cacao and Jackfruit leaves, and the combination of pulverized leaves as ripening agents. Experimental research design applied wherein three concentrations observed in five days after applying to saba banana. The most effective organic ripening agent was utilized in the public market. The 15 respondents divided into three groups utilized different treatments and answered the questionnaires. The results revealed, treatment 2 (pulverized Jackfruit leaves) was most effective. The saba banana ripened in two days, color of peel turned yellow with green tips, odor of the banana smelled fragrant and fruity, palatability tasted enhanced sweetness, and texture when eaten was soft and creamy. On the other hand, treatment 1 (pulverized Madre De Cacao leaves) was next to most effective, and treatment 3 (combination of the two leaves) was slightly effective in some parameters. Further studies should be conducted on popular methods of ripening fruit such as the liquid method but in an organic way.

Hedge Fund Returns and Total Factor Productivity

This study explores whether hedge funds’ investment behavior can predict variations in productivity levels using a structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR) and a vector error correction model (VECM). As <i>informed</i> traders in the stock market with superior skills, hedge funds may quickly capture news shocks regarding future production growth in advance. With quarterly series of <i>TFP</i> provided by John Fernald (2014) and hedge fund index (<i>HFI</i>) returns obtained from the Credit Suisse/Tremont database, I find a contemporaneous correlation coefficient of 0.9791 between two endogenous variables over the sample period from 1Q:1994 to 2Q:2023, indicating a high degree of similarity in their movements. A Granger Causality Test rejects the hypothesis, “ ΔLn(<i>HFI</i>) does not Granger Cause Δ<i>TFP</i>”, suggesting that the information inferred from the hedge fund index are valuable in predicting future economic productivity. Finally, the forecast error variance decompositions using the VECM model indicate that over 65% of the variation in Δ<i>TFP</i> even after 20 quarters can be attributed to a shock to the Δ<i>Ln</i>(<i>HFI</i>) .

Doubly reflected BSDEs driven by RCLL martingales under stochastic Lipschitz coefficient

In this paper, we study a backward stochastic differential equation driven by a Right Continuous with Left Limits (RCLL) martingale with two completely separated RCLL barriers. When the coefficient is stochastically Lipschitz, we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of a square-integrable adapted solution using the penalization method. Additionally, we provide a fair price for a game contingent claim between two traders with additional exogenous knowledge of the same stock price in a public financial market driven by an Azéma’s martingale. We also determine a saddle point for the game when the obstacles are left upper semi-continuous along stopping times.

Changing Role of HR Manager in Global Market Place

Abstract: Research on "Management of Expatriates" is in its early stages. The challenge of preparing expatriate managers to serve as a bridge between parent and subsidiary firms and to thrive in different cultural contexts has emerged as an extra consequence of globalisation for many organisations. Hiring people from all over the world adds another layer of complexity to company cultures. There is a vast array of ethnicities, languages, and cultures represented among these people. Managers tasked with managing teams abroad should receive training to help them navigate cultural differences. An "expat" can be a manager from one nation whose home country's parent company sends them to live and work in another country. Proper training is vital if the expatriates are to succeed in their new surroundings and contribute to the organization's objectives. When employees participate in effective expatriate training courses, they may be better able to handle the challenges and stresses of cultural adaptation. Before, during, and after an assignment, participants get cultural training on subjects such home culture work and living in a host country. It could be more crucial to adjust to a different culture than to completely embrace it. The value of expat assignments is well-known by every prosperous business. By sending employees to work in other countries, a parent firm may help its subsidiaries run more smoothly. When travelling, a person's mindset and behaviour may diverge significantly from their home country. A company runs the risk of creating costly and unsolvable issues if it just talks to locals. By placing an expat onsite, cultural friction can be reduced. also, there are locations on every continent. Quality and safety standards may differ substantially from one country to another. Businesses may respond to client problems more quickly and individually when they hire personnel from different nations. While working overseas, an expat would have absorbed the values and norms of their home firm. Companies now value Expatiate Management. Management and training are two of the main reasons why expats fail.